Indian space programme

Indian space programme-Recent successful missions

Indian Space Programme is an indigenous effort with a capability to meet various 
socio-economic developmental needs of the country. The major impetus has been to 
exploit and develop space-technology and applications that are relevant for India.
 INSAT system has been established for providing services in communication, 
broadcasting and meteorology. The Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite system
 has been established for the natural resource management. ISRO has built indigenous 
capability to launch satellites into Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Polar Sun- synchronous 
orbit as well as Geo-Synchronous satellite orbits through PSLV and GSLV launchers 
respectively. PSLV was also used to undertake an un-manned mission to the Moon. 
ISRO has carved a niche for itself among space faring nations through its successful 
application driven programmes which has benefited the country immensely.

  Successful Missions

* India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C17) in its
nineteenth flight successfully launched GSAT-12 communication
 satellite on July 15, 2011. This is the eighteenth successive successful
flight of PSLV which has once again proved its versatility and
 reliability GSAT-12 Communication satellite with a mass of
1410 kg at lift-off, has 12 Extended C-band transponders and has been
 successfully placed in Geosynchronous Orbit. GSAT-12 will
enhance space based applications in the area of tele-medicine,
tele-education and disaster management support.

* India's advanced communication satellite, GSAT-8 - weighing about 3100 kg at lift-off, was successfully launched into the Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) on May 21, 2011 by the Ariane-V launch vehicle from Kourou. French INSAT system and carries 24 high power transponders in Kuband and a two-channel GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) payload operating in L1 and L5 bands.
The transponders will augment the capacity in the INSAT system while the GAGAN payload provides the Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS), through which the accuracy of the positioning information obtained from the GPS Satellite is improved by a network of ground based receivers
 and made available to the users in the country through the geostationary satellites.

* In its 17th consecutive successful flight, Idia’s Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle (PSLV-C16) injected three Satellites viz. RESOURCESAT-2,
 YOUTHSAT and X-SAT into the Polar Sunsynchronous orbits
on April 20, 2011 RESOURCESAT-2 built by ISRO - the primary
satellite is an advanced remote sensing satellite facilitating a host
 of applications and services in the area of agricultural monitoring,
 natural resources management, disaster management support as
well as infrastructure planning and will ensure continuity of remote
sensing data currently being provided by RESOURCESAT-1 launched
in 2003. YOUTHSAT is a joint Indo-Russian satellite for stellar and
atmospheric studies. X-SAT is a micro-satellite for imaging
applications built by Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore.

* HYLAS (Highly Adaptable Satellite) The satellite jointly built by ISRO/Antrix and EADS/Astrium of Europe for Avanti communications of U.K. was launched successfully on November 27, 2010 by the European Ariane-5 V198 launch vehicle, and was placed in the geostationary orbit.

  

ISRO Built Super Computer

ISRO has built a supercomputer, which is to be India's fastest supercomputer in terms of theoretical peak
performance of 220 TeraFLOPS (220 Trillion Floating
Point Operations per second). The supercomputing
 facility named as Satish Dhawan
Supercomputing Facility is located at Vikram Sarabhai
Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram. The new
Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) based supercomputer
named "SAGA-220" (Supercomputer for Aerospace with GPU Architecture-220
TeraFLOPS) is being used by space scientists for solving complex aerospace problems.

Forthcoming Missions

Preparations are on for launching Megha-Tropiques satellite on board PSLC-C18
during end September. Megha-Tropiques (or MT -Megha means “cloud” in Sanskrit;
Tropiques is the French word for “tropics.”) is a cooperative experimental mission of
ISRO and CNES, the space agencies of India and France, with the objective to study
the convective systems (water cycle and energetic exchanges) that affect the
ITCZ (Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone), in particular in the latitudes between
10º and 20º, with satisfactory temporal sampling. Megha-Tropiques, with its unique
combination of scientific payloads and its special near-equatorial orbit is expected to
provide valuable data to study the tropical climate system (complementary to the
data of the other weather satellites in sun-synchronous orbits) and for climate research. 

RISAT-1, the satellite imaging mission of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization)
using an active radar sensor system, namely a C-band SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar)
imager, an important microwave complement to its optical IRS series observations
missions is planned to be launched towards the year end. The overall objective of the
RISAT mission is to use the all-weather as well as the day-and-night SAR observation
capability in applications such as agriculture, forestry, soil moisture, geology, sea ice,
coastal monitoring, object identification, and flood monitoring.

The Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS), an autonomous
regional GPSbased satellite navigation system being developed by the Indian Space
 Research Organisation (ISRO) is under development. The IRNSS will comprise a
constellation of seven GPS navigation satellites placed in geostationary orbit that
will provide an absolute position accuracy of better than 10 metres throughout
India and within a region extending approximately 2,000km around India.
This paves the way for robust implementation of the strategic satellite navigation
 programme. 

Efforts to realise indigenous cryogenic engine and stage incorporating the
recommendations of the review committees have been initiated. Ground testing of the
 engine is in progress. The first flight of GSLV with the indigenous cryogenic engine
is targeted for the second quarter of next year. GSLV-Mark III a more powerful
launch vehicle capable of putting 4 tonne satellite into GTO is under development.
Already, the 200 tonne solid propellant strap-on boosters have been successfully
 static tested. The 110 tonne liquid core stage has been successfully static tested for 
the full flight duration. Necessary test and integration facilities have been set up to 
meet the requirements of GSLV-Mk III project. 

In the coming months, ISRO is poised for several major breakthroughs in the
development of advanced technology that are needed for the realisation of future
missions which are expected to foster application of space for the benefit of the country.
 (PIB Features)